The comparison between the M70 and AK47 often sparks debate among firearms enthusiasts, historians, and tactical professionals. While the AK47 enjoys a legendary status as an icon of reliability and simplicity, the M70 represents a distinct chapter in Eastern European firearms history, sharing DNA with one of the most famous rifles ever made. Understanding the nuances between these two platforms requires looking beyond surface-level similarities and examining their specific configurations, origins, and performance characteristics.
Historical Context and Lineage
The M70 is a direct descendant of the Soviet-designed AKM, which itself was a refined version of the original AK47. Manufactured primarily in former Yugoslavia, specifically by Zastava Arms, the M70 was adopted in the early 1970s to replace older models. Its lineage is clear, but its implementation features distinct regional design choices. The AK47, designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov and introduced by the Soviet Union in the late 1940s, set the standard for the assault rifle era, and the M70 is a product of that provenance, built under license with local modifications.
Physical Construction and Materials
At first glance, the M70 and AK47 appear nearly identical, featuring the same distinctive silhouette, curved magazine, and robust stamped steel receivers. However, closer inspection reveals differences in the quality of materials and finish. The M70 typically utilizes higher-grade steel for its receiver and often features a more consistent parkerization finish compared to the sometimes rough-dimmed Soviet AK47. The furniture on the M70, including the stock and handguard, is generally of a more uniform and higher-quality synthetic plastic, whereas early AK4s frequently used wood furniture that required more maintenance.
Operational Mechanics and Reliability
Both rifles operate on the same long-stroke piston gas system, ensuring that they function reliably in harsh conditions. The fundamental mechanics of the bolt carrier group are virtually identical, providing the legendary AK action resilience. The trigger mechanisms and safety selectors are also fundamentally the same, offering a familiar and positive feel. In terms of pure reliability under duress, both platforms perform exceptionally well, but the M70 often benefits from tighter manufacturing tolerances and better metallurgy, leading to a slight edge in consistent cycling with a wider variety of ammunition.
Performance and Handling Characteristics
Handling an M70 reveals subtle advantages in ergonomics and balance. The comb of the stock on the M70 is often slightly more pronounced, providing better cheek weld for the shooter. The barrel length and twist rate were optimized for the Yugoslav 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge (designated as 7.62×51mm NATO in military terms), which offers a flat trajectory and effective range comparable to the standard 7.62×39mm of the AK47, but with superior long-range ballistics. This makes the M70 a more versatile platform for designated marksman roles compared to the purely close-to-medium range focus of the original AK47 variant.
Availability and Modern Relevance
Finding a genuine, original-production AK47 can be a complex legal and logistical challenge in many parts of the world due to strict export controls on Russian military surplus. The M70, however, remains more accessible in regions where civilian ownership is legal, as it is often classified as a sporting rifle. In the modern market, refurbished M70s and new production rifles based on the M70 platform are popular choices for shooters seeking the AK experience with improved parts availability and a more refined build. This accessibility ensures the M70 remains a viable and competitive option for training and recreation.
